Content requirements for specific sports skills

The core content requirements of special sports skills are essentially the unity of four dimensions: "basic movement standards + scene-based application adaptation + project rule compliance + injury prevention and control ability matching". It is by no means as simple as "practice standard movements to perfection" as is generally recognized.

Not long ago, I met a kid in the second grade of junior high school in a community basketball charity class. He spent two years practicing dribbling. His crotch, back, and turning movements were so standard that they could be used as demonstration videos for grade examinations. As a result, he couldn't even dribble through half the court in a 3v3 confrontation. He panicked when the defender came up and had no idea how to adjust the rhythm of his movements according to the defensive steps. After two years of practicing, he couldn't use the skills at all.

In fact, the domestic physical training circle has been arguing for five or six years about what standards special skills should reach. One group is the academic group that "puts standard movements first". They use the sports skill level standards issued by the State Sports General Administration as a basis. For example, table tennis forehand attack requires the angle between the upper arm and the lower arm to be fixed between 110-130 degrees, and the shooting position must be between 110 and 130 degrees. Within 15 centimeters from the waist, it is almost considered unqualified. This set of logic is particularly suitable for beginners, especially when children have not yet formed a fixed muscle memory. The standard can avoid going astray to the greatest extent, and the ceiling for subsequent improvement is also higher. The other group is the professional group that "prioritizes actual combat." Many youth training coaches of provincial teams do not pay attention to the details of their movements at all. If you look at the forehand attacks of Ma Long and Fan Zhendong, one is on the upper side and the other is on the lower side, and the angle of the wrist buckle is almost 10 degrees different. However, the quality of the ball of both people is top-notch in the world. This group's view is: as long as it conforms to the logic of exerting force and can produce results, the movements can be completely personalized, and there is no need to use a unified standard to block everyone.

Oh, by the way, when I was doing research with the sports rehabilitation team of the provincial team in the past two years, I also discovered a requirement that everyone generally ignored—special skills must include injury prevention and control capabilities. I met an amateur who ran horses before. His pace was stable at 4 and a half minutes, and his stride length and cadence data were all in line with mass elite standards. However, his knees hurt every time he ran. After taking an MRI, it was discovered that one-third of his meniscus had been worn away. The reason was that he could not use his core force and relied on his knees to bear the impact throughout the race. Do you think he has mastered marathon-specific skills? Definitely not. I can't even do the most basic self-protection. The more I practice, the more serious my injuries become. Basically, I still haven't figured out the underlying logic of the project.

Of course, the weight of requirements for different projects is completely different. For example, in difficult sports such as gymnastics and figure skating, the scoring rules itself are based on the completion of the movements. If you perform three Axel dances, if the number of weeks is less than a quarter, or if the angle of landing on the ice is a little crooked, big points will be deducted. In this kind of event, the weight of the standard of movements is definitely the highest. But when it comes to confrontational sports like basketball and football, no matter how standard your movements are, it’s useless if you can’t pass people, pass the ball, or score points. Scenario adaptation ability will naturally be prioritized at the front. If you switch to outdoor extreme sports such as mountaineering and caving, then damage prevention and emergency response capabilities are even more important than the skills themselves. In the event of an emergency, surviving is the first priority.

When I was taking the National Vocational Qualification Certificate for Fitness Instructors, the examiner in the last round of practical exercises said something that I still remember: "Don't regard the movement points in the lesson plan as a special skill. That is fatal. When you really teach a member, you can adjust the movements according to his old knee injury and help him achieve the training goal without getting hurt. Only then can you really master this skill." ”

Nowadays, when many people learn sports skills, they ask "how long it will take to take the test" and "how long it will take to reach the third level standard". In fact, the test is only the most basic entry requirement. If you are an amateur and can have fun, not get hurt, and win two games against your friends, then you have fully met the standard. ； If you want to take a professional route, you have to adapt every muscle's exertion habits to the needs of the project. Even your diet, work and rest have to be adjusted according to the project requirements. To put it bluntly, there has never been a unified standard answer to the requirements for motor skills. It is quite meaningless to talk about requirements without using the scenario.