How to treat testicular cysts

Testicular cysts can be treated through regular observation, drug treatment, puncture and fluid extraction, sclerotherapy, and surgical treatment. Testicular cysts may be related to congenital factors, infection, trauma, orchitis, epididymitis and other causes, and usually manifest as scrotal swelling, pain, swelling and other symptoms.

1. Regular observation

For testicular cysts that are small in size and asymptomatic, it is usually recommended to undergo regular ultrasound examination to observe changes in the cyst. Patients should avoid strenuous exercise or external force impacting the scrotal area, and review it every 3-6 months. If the size increases or symptoms worsen, they need to seek medical attention promptly.

2. Drug treatment

In case of combined infection, antibiotics such as cefixime capsules, levofloxacin tablets, and azithromycin dispersible tablets can be used as directed by the doctor. People with severe pain can take ibuprofen sustained-release capsules or acetaminophen tablets for a short period of time, but be aware that the drugs may cause gastrointestinal discomfort and other adverse reactions.

3. Puncture and fluid extraction

Suitable for simple cysts of medium size and with symptoms of compression. Under ultrasound guidance, a fine needle is used to extract the cyst fluid. The operation takes about 10-15 minutes. Pressure bandaging is required for 24 hours after the operation. This method has a high recurrence rate, and about 30-50% of patients require repeated treatment.

4. Sclerotherapy

After puncture and aspiration, a sclerosing agent such as lauromacrogol injection is injected into the cyst cavity to cause adhesion and closure of the cyst wall. The treatment success rate can reach 70-80%, but short-term discomfort such as scrotal distension and pain may occur. After surgery, you need to rest in bed for 24 hours and wear a scrotal support for 1 week.

5. Surgical treatment

Microscopic cyst resection can be used for cysts that are more than 3cm in diameter, recurring, or suspected of being tumors. The cyst wall is completely stripped off during the operation, and the recurrence rate is less than 5%. A drainage tube needs to be left in for 1-2 days after the operation, and the recovery period is about 2-4 weeks to avoid heavy physical labor.

You should choose loose and breathable cotton underwear for daily use and avoid riding or sitting for long periods of time. Pay attention to supplementing high-quality protein and vitamins in your diet, and limit spicy and irritating foods. If you find that a scrotal mass suddenly enlarges, hardens, or is accompanied by fever, you should seek medical attention immediately to rule out emergencies such as testicular torsion. All treatment methods must be selected under the guidance of a urologist, and cysts cannot be treated by oneself.