Contraception is also very important for women during menopause

Testicles are usually oval in shape, with a smooth surface, soft and elastic texture. The unilateral testicles of adult males are about 4-5 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, and weigh about 10-15 grams. There may be slight differences in size between the two sides.

Healthy testicles are wrapped by scrotal skin, have no nodules or hard lumps on the surface, and can move slightly when touched. The temperature regulation function of the scrotum keeps the testicles at an environment 1-2 degrees Celsius lower than the body temperature, which is an important condition for maintaining normal sperm production. The inside of the testis is mainly composed of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue. The seminiferous tubules are the place where sperm are produced, and the interstitial cells are responsible for secreting male hormones such as testosterone. The testicles are small before puberty, rapidly grow to adult size after puberty, and may gradually shrink in old age. Normal testicles will shrink close to the body in cold environments, and relax and droop in hot conditions. This dynamic change is a physiological adjustment.

Daily care should be taken to avoid testicular trauma, wear loose and breathable underwear, and conduct regular self-examinations for abnormal shape, hardness, or pain. If you find sudden enlargement of the testicles, persistent pain or irregular lumps, it may indicate diseases such as orchitis, varicocele or testicular tumors, and you must go to the urology department in time. High temperature environment, prolonged sitting, tight pants, etc. may affect testicular function. It is recommended to maintain moderate exercise and a balanced diet, and avoid long-term hot baths or saunas.