What are the steps to prepare emergency response guidelines?

The core logic of compiling emergency response guidelines is actually to twist "uncertain emergencies" into "standardized actions that can be implemented." The core is to go through the three key links of risk assessment, disposal anchoring, and iterative optimization. This is the common law we have figured out from seven or eight sets of different industry guidelines.

Last year, when I was working on an emergency guide for hazardous chemical leaks for a suburban chemical industrial park, I fell into a trap right away. I directly used the province's general template and listed the disposal steps required by the national standard on more than ten pages. When I asked the park's front-line safety officers to look at it, they shook their heads and said, "We only have two sets of heavy-duty chemical protective suits in these small factories. What you wrote about 'forming a leak-stopping team of three people within five minutes' can't be achieved at all." Only then did I come back to my senses. The first step in making the guide was to make all the bases clear - not just listing the number of risk points, but also detailed information such as the skills of the personnel on duty at each point, how much emergency equipment was stored in the warehouse, how long it would take for police to arrive at the nearest fire station and hospital, and even which open space nearby was suitable for temporary evacuation.

After checking the family situation, the next most important thing is to straighten out the logic of disposal, and don't make it a tome that no one wants to read. I have seen many guides made by colleagues. The terminology explanations alone are dozens of pages long, and front-line employees cannot remember them at all. It is better to make them "scenario-based navigation" - what to do in any situation, who to look for, and which route to take. It is so straightforward that even new employees can understand it at a glance. When we made fire emergency guides for supermarket chains before, we did not make complicated classifications and classified them directly according to fire scenarios: If a fire breaks out on a shelf near the entrance on the first floor, the first priority is to turn on the nearest fire hydrant to control the fire and guide customers to evacuate outside the door. ； If a fire breaks out in the back kitchen of the dining area on the second floor, the escalators will be locked immediately and the fire escapes will be opened for ventilation. Special personnel will be assigned to guide the fire at each corner of the floor. Even the words shouted through the loudspeaker are short and fixed, so there is no need for people to waste time thinking of words on the spot.

Of course, there are different voices in this industry. One group thinks that the guide should be so detailed that every step of twisting the fire hydrant should be clearly written down, and all the variables should be covered so that no mistakes can be made.； The other group believes that emergencies can happen under any circumstances, and writing too detailed information will limit the on-the-spot judgment of the front line and miss the best time to deal with it. When I do it myself, I usually find a balance point. Red line requirements such as gas leakage, no touching the switch, no open flames, etc. must be written down without any ambiguity. The remaining on-site disposal rights are directly given to the highest person in charge present, leaving enough room for flexible adjustments.

Don't think that you're done after writing down the disposal process. The guides that are really usable are all grinded out. After we finished writing the first draft of the guide for the chemical industry park last time, we conducted a simulation with park security officers, fire stations, and people from surrounding communities, pretending that a small leak occurred in the storage tank area. Only then did we find that the previously written "complete perimeter alert within 3 minutes" was not realistic at all - it would take four minutes for the security guard at the gate to run to the tank area. Later, the person in charge of the alert was directly changed to the on-duty inspector of the tank area. He carried a warning tape with him. When an abnormality was discovered, he sealed the perimeter 50 meters away, and then the time was correct. Moreover, the guide is not permanent. It needs to be updated at least once a year. When new companies enter, emergency equipment is changed, and surrounding supporting resources change, the guide must be adjusted accordingly, otherwise it will be completely ineffective after two or three years.